Italy

Access & coverage

SSN tax-funded

SSN tax-funded; regional variation in quality/wait

Treatment

• Antivirals / antibiotics per stewardship rules
• Hospital pathways for severe pneumonia / sepsis
• Antiretroviral or TB regimens with public-health follow-up

Prevention

• National immunization schedules
• Surveillance, outbreak response, infection control in hospitals
• Targeted screening (TB, HIV, hep) for risk groups

Lifestyle

• Hygiene, ventilation awareness, staying home when infectious
• Vaccination uptake as a social norm
• Safer sex / harm reduction where relevant

What stands out here

Same broad infectious toolkit as peers — differences are coverage rules, wait times, prices, and follow-through.